By: Pamela Levin
Canaries are miner's early warning system. They are used to warn miners about invisible but deadly levels of carbon monoxide. Are rats and other animals fed GMO's providing a similar service to humans? Here are some of the effects turning up in scientific studies.
Effect on Reproductive Tissue and Hormones Rats fed GM soy as opposed to non-GM soy had "proliferative growth (hyperplasia) of the (endometrial) cells lining the uterus".A Brazilian study published in The Anatomical Record in 2009, revealed that female rats fed GM soy for 15 months showed significant changes in their uterus and reproductive cycle. Senior UK pathologist Stanley Ewen speculated that the rats'significant hormonal changes might have implications for women who eat GM soy. He said this implies major changes in their reproductive hormones and repeated that the weedkiller in GM soybeans was the probable cause of the disruption.
Genetically modified soybeans are have a bacterial gene inserted into them which allows the soy plants to survive a normally deadly dose of Roundup herbicide, which is why they are called 'Roundup Ready'.
The active ingredient in Roundup is glyphosate, which accumulates in the soybeans. When Roundup-ready soybeans were introduced in Europe, the regulatory agencies had to increase their allowable residue levels by 200 fold.
There is mounting evidence that glyphosate - especially in conjunction with the other ingredients in Roundup - wreaks havoc with the endocrine and reproductive systems. Glyphosate, states Dr. Ewen, is "an endocrine buster that interferes with aromatase, which produces estrogen."
Aromatase is required by luteal cells to produce hormones for the normal menstrual cycle. It is these luteal cells that show significant alterations in the rats which at GM soy.
Fertility Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine accidentally discovered that rats raised on corncob bedding "neither breed nor exhibit reproductive behavior." Tests on the corn material revealed two compounds that stopped the sexual cycle in females "at concentrations approximately two-hundredfold lower than classical phytoestrogens."
Effect on Placenta of Developing Fetus Glyphosate is also toxic to the placenta, which brings in nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby and empties its waste products. A French study at the University of Caen in 2009 revealed that glyphosate can kill the cells in the outer layer of the human placenta (the trophoblast membrane), which in turn can kill the placenta. The placenta cells are, in Ewen's words, "exquisitely sensitive to glyphosate." Only 1/500th the amount needed to kill weeds was able to kill the cells. The amount is so small, according to the study authors the "residual levels to be expected, especially in food and feed derived from R[oundup] formulation-treated crops" could be enough to "cause cell damage and even [cell] death." Furthermore, the effect of the toxin may bioaccumulate, growing worse with repeated consumption from Roundup laden foods.
Ewen says, "If the endocrine functions of the placenta are destroyed by glyphosate in the test tube, by extrapolation, ovarian and endometrial function would be expected to suffer." The implications for pregnant woman consuming glyphosate, he says, could be abortion.
Miscarriage and Threatened Abortion Indeed, in a Canadian epidemiological study, which looked at nearly 4000 pregnancies in 1,898 couples, women exposed to glyphosate during the three months before getting pregnant had a significantly higher risk of abortions, especially for those above 34 years of age
Fathers exposed to glyphosate also increase reproductive risks. In the Canadian study above, even fathers who were exposed to glyphosate before their wives got pregnant showed an increase in early delivery and abortions. In addition, a study of male rabbits showed that glyphosate can cause a reduction in sexual activity and sperm concentration, and an increase in dead or abnormal sperm.
Birth Defects Birth defects increased in humans and animals. Numerous indigenous people and peasant communities in Argentina have blamed aerial spraying of Roundup on a significant rise of birth defects. Dr. Andreas Carasco of the Embryology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in Buenos Aires exposed amphibian embryos to a tiny concentration of glyphosate (diluted 5000 fold). Summarized by the Pesticide Action Network, effects included:
- reduced head size,
- genetic alterations in the central nervous system,
- increased death of cells that help form the skull,
- deformed cartilage, eye defects, and
- undeveloped kidneys.
Carrasco also stated that the glyphosate was not breaking down in the cells, but was accumulating. The findings lend weight to claims that abnormally high levels of cancer, birth defects, neonatal mortality, lupus, kidney disease, and skin and respiratory problems in populations near Argentina's soybean fields may be linked to the aerial spraying of Roundup."
Although human embryos are not directly treated with glyphosate in the same way that Carrasco treated his amphibian embryos, it is known that glyphosate does cross the placenta and enters the fetal circulation.
In his article, Dr. Carrasco describes some disturbing findings in Argentina, where more than 50 million gallons of glyphosate-based herbicide is used on more than 45 million acres of GM soy.
In Argentina, an increase in the incidence of congenital malformations began to be reported in the last few years. In Cordoba, several cases of malformations together with repeated spontaneous abortions were detected in the village of Ituzaingo´, which is surrounded by GMO-based agriculture. These findings were concentrated in families living a few meters from where the herbicides are regularly sprayed.
Glyphosate may also cause reproductive disorders in the offspring of those exposed. When pregnant rats, for example, were exposed to glyphosate, their male offspring suffered reduced sperm production, increased abnormal sperm, and decrease in testosterone, in puberty and/or adulthood.
Sterility The few tests that have been done on animals are more than sobering. In April 2010, researchers at Russia's Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Association for Gene Security found that after feeding hamsters GM soy for two years over three generations, by the third generation most lost the ability to have babies. They also suffered slower growth, a high mortality rate among the pups, and a high incidence of a rare phenomenon of hair growing inside their mouths.
Central Iowa Farmer Jerry Rosman also had trouble with pigs and cows becoming sterile. Some of his pigs even had false pregnancies or gave birth to bags of water. After months of investigations and testing, he finally traced the problem to GM corn feed. Every time a newspaper, magazine, or TV show reported Jerry's problems, he would receive calls from more farmers complaining of livestock sterility on their farm, linked to GM corn.
High Infant Mortality In 2005, Irina Ermakova, also with the Russian National Academy of Sciences, reported that more than half the babies from mother rats fed GM soy died within three weeks. This was also five times higher than the 10% death rate of the non-GMO soy group. The babies in the GM group were also smaller and could not reproduce. In a telling coincidence, after Ermakova's feeding trials, her laboratory started feeding all the rats in the facility a commercial rat chow using GM soy. Within two months, the infant mortality facility-wide reached 55%.
An Austrian government study published in November 2008 showed that the more GM corn was fed to mice, they had fewer the babies and the ones they had were smaller.
Testicular Changes. When Ermakova fed male rats GM soy, their testicles changed from the normal pink to dark blue! Italian scientists similarly found changes in mice testes , including damaged young sperm cells. Furthermore, the DNA of embryos from parent mice fed GM soy functioned differently.
Increased Rates of Breast and Prostate Cancer One compound also curtailed male sexual behavior and both substances contributed to the growth of breast and prostate cancer cell cultures. Researchers found that the amount of the substances varied with GM corn varieties. The crushed corncob used at Baylor was likely shipped from central Iowa, near the farm of Jerry Rosman and others complaining of sterile livestock.
In Haryana, India, a team of investigating veterinarians report that buffalo consuming GM cottonseed suffer from infertility, as well as frequent abortions, premature deliveries, and prolapsed uteruses. Many adult and young buffalo have also died mysteriously.
Biotech advocates usually deny or try to discredit the evidence, and often attack scientists who discover it. But they rarely call for follow-up studies. With little or no money to follow up on these findings, we won't know for sure if GMOs are the cause, or if it is glyphosate, or something else. But numerous medical doctors aren't waiting for more research. They are telling their patients, especially those pregnant or planning to have kids, just say no to GMOs.
So if you were still eating GMOs before you read this, perhaps it's time to take the doctors' advice.